1.2/1.3/12.1/2.2/2.3 THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

I- THE FORM:

II- THE USE

We use the Present Perfect:

GENERAL MEANING: For an action happened at an unspecified time before now and the exact time is not important. When we use the present perfect, we see things as happening in the past but having a result in the present:

 I've bought some presents.

The plane has landed safely.

They have graduated. Congratulations!

1. When we ask / talk about our EXPERIENCES:

Have you ever been to London? 

No, I haven’t, and you?

2. With SO FAR, LATELY and RECENTLY meaning “in the last few days/weeks”

Have I told you lately that I love you? 

She has been to London so far. 

They haven’t seen the accident recently.

3. With JUST to express the action finished a short time ago

We've just come back from our holiday.

4. With YET in negative sentences and questions when we expect something to happen

Have you finished yet? 

Sorry, Nick. I haven’t finished the homework yet. 

5. With ALREADY meaning “sooner than expected” and “a little bit earlier”

I've already finished my dinner

6. We can use the present perfect with FOR  and SINCE.                    

We use FOR with period of time. to say how long this period is (for three days).

We use SINCE with a fixed time. to say when the period began (since Friday).

Thanks, darling. I haven’t eaten anything for three days. 

Me, too. I haven’t grabbed a bite since Friday.

7. We use the present perfect with unfinished periods of time TODAY and phrases with THIS, e.g. THIS MORNING, THIS WEEK, THIS SUMMER, THIS YEAR..

We've done quite a good job today.

It has been so hot this summer. (We’re still in the summer) unfinished period

She’s worked a lot this year. (We’re still in this year) unfinished period

We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific time expressions such as: 

ever, 

never, 

once, 

many times, 

several times, 

before, 

so far, 

already, 

yet, 

just,

recently,

lately,

for,

since,

... 

You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: 

yesterday, 

one year ago, 

last week, 

when I was a child, 

when I lived in Japan, 

at that moment, 

that day, 

one day, 

Other Examples:

·         I have seen that movie twenty times.

·         I think I have met him once before.

·         There have been many earthquakes in California.

·         People have traveled to the Moon.

·         People have not traveled to Mars.

·         Have you read the book yet?

·         Nobody has ever climbed that mountain.

·         A: Has there ever been a war in the United States?
     B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

   

       FOLLOW WITH EXERCISES:

   1- Complete with the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect:

Abderrahman

BOUJAADA